Teravent
Technology-Based
Carbon Standard
Governing standard for engineered and industrial carbon removal and capture projects - from direct air capture to ocean alkalinity enhancement - registered under the Teravent Carbon Registry.
TTS v1.0 governs technology-based carbon removal and industrial carbon capture: engineered systems that chemically, physically, or electrochemically remove CO₂ from the atmosphere or industrial sources and store it in geological, mineral, or material reservoirs.
This Standard is wholly independent. It does not incorporate by reference, adopt, or depend upon any external carbon crediting programme, registry, standard-setting body, or methodology framework.
TTS v1.0 distinguishes two credit types: Removal Credits (TTC-R) for atmospheric CO₂ drawn down and stored, and Reduction Credits (TTC-D) for industrial point-source emissions captured and permanently stored or utilised.
Two Credit Types
TTS v1.0 distinguishes credits based on the source of CO₂ captured - atmospheric removal versus industrial avoidance.
Removal Credit
Atmospheric CO₂ captured and stored
Represents genuine carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere - the gold standard for net-zero and carbon-negative claims. CO₂ drawn from ambient air or biogenic sources and permanently sequestered in geological or mineral reservoirs.
Reduction Credit
Industrial fossil CO₂ captured and stored
Represents avoided emissions from industrial point sources - cement, steel, hydrogen production, power generation - where CO₂ that would have been released is captured and permanently stored or incorporated into long-lived materials.
Durability Classification
Every Teravent Technology Credit (TTC) carries a permanently encoded durability class reflecting the physical permanence of its storage mechanism.
Short-to-medium lived material storage. Synthetic carbon materials in short-lived or medium-lived applications where end-of-life management is documented.
Long-lived engineered material or ocean chemistry storage. Permanence driven by product service life or stable ocean carbonate chemistry dynamics.
Deep geological trapping or stable mineral carbonate formation. The highest permanence class - eligible for the Teravent Permanent Removal label.
Eight Governing Modules
TTS v1.0 is structured across eight self-contained modules constituting a complete, wholly independent crediting framework for technology-based carbon removal and capture.
Governance & Scope
TSA authority and Technical Advisory Panel structure, two credit type classification (TTC-R and TTC-D), 12-pathway eligibility table with durability classes, comprehensive 25-term definitions glossary, and project exclusions including EOR and double counting.
Additionality & Baseline
Three-test additionality framework with TRL-based screening: projects at TRL 7 or below automatically satisfy the common practice test. Lifecycle GHG Assessment obligations, baseline energy grid factors, and crediting period table for all 12 pathways.
Quantification & MRV
Net TTC formula, continuous CO₂ metering requirements (±2% accuracy), storage confirmation protocols, full project GHG emissions inventory table, three leakage types, uncertainty deduction framework, monitoring report requirements, and pathway-specific VVB competency matrix.
Carbon Durability & Storage Integrity
Three durability classes, Storage Integrity Risk Rating (SIRR) framework, buffer pool contribution table (2%–35% by class and risk), geological and mineral storage integrity protocols, reversal notification within 72 hours, and 30-year post-closure obligations.
Environmental & Social Safeguards
Do No Significant Harm across water use and quality, land use and biodiversity, air quality, and geological seismic risk. Community consultation for all facilities, FPIC, labour standards, and Just Transition Plans for CCUS and BECCS projects at industrial facilities.
Validation & Certification
Ten-stage registration process from technology eligibility assessment through ongoing verification. Seventeen-element PDD requirements including storage integrity plan and post-closure obligations statement. Three tiers: Standard, Premium, and Frontier. New pathway application process for technologies beyond Annexes A–L.
Credit Issuance & Labelling
TTC serial number structure encoding credit type (R/D), pathway code, country, project ID, vintage and serial unit - with three worked examples. Full credit metadata specification. Six quality labels: Permanent Removal, Frontier Technology, Zero Fossil Input, Circular Feedstock, Community Benefit+, and Water Positive.
Registry, Retirement & Claims
TCR public disclosure requirements, six permitted retirement claim types including atmospheric removal, permanent removal, and industrial decarbonisation claims, real-time double counting prevention, disclosure of government production incentives, and standard versioning with annual LCA factor updates.
12 Technology Pathways
Each pathway combines a defined capture mechanism, a storage route, and a durability classification - from frontier DAC to mature industrial CCS.
Direct Air Capture (DACCS)
Atmospheric CO₂ captured by engineered solid sorbents, liquid solvents, or electrochemical systems and permanently stored geologically.
Bioenergy with CCS (BECCS)
Biogenic CO₂ from biomass combustion or conversion captured and stored geologically. Feedstock must meet Teravent Sustainable Biomass Criteria.
Carbon Capture, Utilisation & Storage (CCUS)
Industrial point-source CO₂ captured from cement, steel, hydrogen, and power facilities - stored geologically or incorporated in long-lived materials.
Enhanced Rock Weathering (ERW)
Crushed silicate minerals applied to land or coastal environments; dissolution drives atmospheric CO₂ removal to stable ocean bicarbonate.
In-situ Mineralisation
CO₂ injected into reactive subsurface formations (basaltic rock, mine tailings) and converted to stable carbonate minerals through geochemical reactions.
Industrial Waste Mineralisation
Accelerated carbonation of alkaline industrial residues - steel slag, cement kiln dust, fly ash, and mine tailings - permanently locking CO₂ into stable carbonate phases.
Geologic CO₂ Storage
Supercritical CO₂ injected into deep saline aquifers, depleted oil and gas reservoirs, or basaltic formations. Also governs storage for DACCS, BECCS, and CCUS projects.
Bio-oil Geological Storage
Fast pyrolysis of sustainable biomass producing carbon-rich bio-oil, injected into geological formations at depth exceeding 500 m for long-term storage.
Synthetic Carbon Materials
CO₂ electrochemically or thermochemically converted into stable solid carbon products - carbon fibre, graphene, carbon black - with verified service lives exceeding 50 years.
CO₂ Concrete Curing
CO₂ injected into fresh concrete during curing reacts with calcium silicate hydrate to form stable calcium carbonate minerals, simultaneously sequestering carbon and improving strength.
Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement
Addition of alkaline materials (lime, olivine) or electrochemical alkalinity generation in seawater drives uptake of atmospheric CO₂ through inorganic carbonate chemistry.
Electrochemical Ocean CDR
Bipolar membrane electrodialysis or seawater electrolysis removes dissolved inorganic carbon from seawater, enabling additional atmospheric CO₂ uptake. Eligible for Frontier Technology designation.
Teravent Technology Credits (TTC)
Every credit carries a unique serial number encoding credit type, pathway, country, project, vintage, and durability - alongside a verified quality profile.
Annex Index
Twelve methodology annexes defining eligibility, quantification, storage integrity, and monitoring requirements for each technology pathway.
| Annex | Pathway | Capture Mechanism | Storage Route | Type | Class | Methods |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | Direct Air Capture (DACCS) | Sorbent / electrochemical | Geological / basalt mineralisation | TTC-R | III | DAC-M01–04 |
| B | Bioenergy with CCS (BECCS) | Biogenic flue gas capture | Geological injection | TTC-R | III | BEC-M01–03 |
| C | Carbon Capture, Utilisation & Storage (CCUS) | Post / pre / oxy-fuel capture | Geological or long-lived materials | TTC-D | II–III | CCU-M01–05 |
| D | Enhanced Rock Weathering (ERW) | Silicate mineral dissolution | Ocean bicarbonate (mineral) | TTC-R | III | ERW-M01–03 |
| E | In-situ Mineralisation | CO₂ injection into reactive rock | Carbonate mineral formation | TTC-R | III | INM-M01–03 |
| F | Industrial Waste Mineralisation | Accelerated carbonation | Stable carbonate phases in waste | TTC-D | III | IWM-M01–04 |
| G | Geologic CO₂ Storage | Supercritical injection | Saline aquifer / depleted reservoir | TTC-D | III | Standalone + Component |
| H | Bio-oil Geological Storage | Fast pyrolysis + injection | Geological formation (>500 m) | TTC-R | II–III | BOG-M01–02 |
| I | Synthetic Carbon Materials | CO₂ reduction to solid carbon | Long-lived carbon product | TTC-R | II | SCM-M01–03 |
| J | CO₂ Concrete Curing | Mineralisation during curing | Calcium carbonate in concrete | TTC-D/R | III | COC-M01–03 |
| K | Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement | Alkalinity addition to seawater | Ocean dissolved inorganic carbon | TTC-R | II–III | OAE-M01–03 |
| L | Electrochemical Ocean CDR | Electrochemical CO₂ stripping | Geological or mineral | TTC-R | II–III | ECO-M01–02 |
Register a Technology Project
Begin with a Technology Eligibility Assessment from the Teravent Standards Authority. Projects at TRL 4–7 may qualify for Frontier Technology designation.